美國汽車工業

[Guest]

Auto Industry Heads Flew Private Jets To D.C. Bailout Begathon
Hilary Lewis | Nov 19, 2008 2:05 PM

The U.S.'s three major carmakers may be so close to filing for bankruptcy
that their leaders have to beg Congress for a bailout (Pleeease! Just $25
billion...), but they don't seem to have any qualms about flying their
Gulfstream jets to Washington, as opposed to flying commercial like real
poor people (such as Diddy) or, you know, driving.

Geez, no wonder Congress is hesitant to give them a bailout. Also,
perhaps someone needs to explain to them the merits of cars powered by
renewable energy one more time...

ABC News has more: The CEOs of the big three automakers flew to the
nation's capital yesterday in private luxurious jets to make their case to
Washington that the auto industry is running out of cash and needs $25
billion in taxpayer money to avoid bankruptcy.

The CEOs of GM, Ford and Chrysler may have told Congress that they will
likely go out of business without a bailout yet that has not stopped them
from traveling in style, not even First Class is good enough.

All three CEOs - Rick Wagoner of GM, Alan Mulally of Ford, and Robert
Nardelli of Chrysler - exercised their perks Tuesday by flying in corporate
jets to DC. Wagoner flew in GM's $36 million luxury aircraft to tell
members of Congress that the company is burning through cash, asking
for $10-12 billion for GM alone...

Both Ford and GM apparently have a fleet of luxury jets that they're still
using. Why can't they sell those to keep the lights on?

While Wagoner testified, his G4 private jet was parked at Dulles airport.
It is just one of a fleet of luxury jets owned by GM that continues to ferry
executives around the world despite the company's dire financial
straits...

Wagoner's private jet trip to Washington cost his ailing company an
estimated $20,000 roundtrip. In comparison, seats on Northwest Airlines
flight 2364 from Detroit to Washington were going online for $288 coach
and $837 first class...

Ford CEO Mulally's corporate jet is a perk included for both he and his
wife as part of his employment contract along with a $28 million salary
last year. Mulally actually lives in Seattle, not Detroit. The company jet
takes him home and back on weekends...

Yet Ford continues to operate a fleet of eight private jets for its
executives. Just Tuesday, one jet was taking Ford brass to Los Angeles,
another on a trip to Nebraska, and of course Mulally needed to fly to
Washington to testify. He did not address questions following the hearing.

http://businesssheet.alleyinsider.com/2008/11/auto-industry-heads-flew-private-jets-to-d-c-bailout-begathon

[Guest]

美汽車工業危機下 誰理加拿大？
* 2008-11-30
* 【中廣新聞／"CHANGNEW99 LIU"】

美國政府該不該幫助汽車工業遲遲沒有定案，就在這個時候，與美國關係最密切的
加拿大的決策官員到美國求援，卻見不到一位美國主管官員，令加拿大朝野氣憤不
已。

美國總統當選人歐巴馬的大本營芝加哥大力主張向汽車工業伸出援手，但是現任總統
布希反對，所以至今沒有定案，美國媒體不時以「正在生命線上掙扎」形容汽車工
業。

美國三大汽車工業是通用、福特、克萊斯勒，其中任何一家倒閉的影響都極為深遠。
華府智庫專家說「全世界都有理由擔心」，因為三大汽車公司的上、中、下游早已擴
展到全球各地。

北美地區的汽車工業產能，百分之十七在加拿大，因而汽車工業面臨困境對加拿大的
衝擊比對美國的衝擊更大。熟悉加拿大政情人士表示，日前加拿大的工業部長東尼．
克里門和大批中央及地方主管官員專程到華府，沒想到布希政府裡沒有一位重要官員
願意與克里門會談，因為布希只剩一個多月就要下台，官員們也都自顧不暇。克里門
只好轉往國會，可是國會正準備換屆，使得克里門白忙了一場。

加拿大官員在華府的遭遇說明在經濟危機下美國已是「自掃門前雪」了。

[Guest]

Bailing out incompetent U.S. automakers would be just wrong
Walter Cordery, The Daily News
Published: Monday, November 24, 2008

It doesn't do any good to point to the federal government's lack of help
to B.C.'s beleaguered forest industry as a reason for not wanting to help
those employed in Southern Ontario's auto manufacturing sector.

There are many numerous other reasons.

A few years ago, nobody foresaw the collapse of the U.S. housing market,
which cut the demand for B.C. timber greatly and precipitated the loss
of tens of thousands of good paying jobs in B.C.

The reason Canadians should not bail out North American automakers, as
painful as that sounds, is that a bailout would be seen as rewarding them
for not changing with the times.

Demand for vehicles has changed. The public wants smaller, more
fuel-efficient and green cars.

Japanese automakers realized this a few years back and tailored their
production lines.

The Big Three -- Ford, General Motors and Chrysler -- kept churning out
gas-guzzlers, though some paid lip service to hybrid vehicles and GM
hopes to begin selling the Volt, an electric vehicle, shortly.

However, it was only five years ago GM received $50 million in federal
and government of Ontario tax money to set up a production facility to
bring back a V8 Camaro.

Did the company not see the writing on the wall?

While it is probably true that the increase in fuel prices put the damper
on sales of cars like the Camaro, what cannot be denied is the
automakers have not been offering customers what they want. How else
to explain the increasing number of smaller, more fuel-efficient Japanese
and Korean vehicles on the road?

Ford, for example, put much effort into marketing its huge gas guzzling
Lincoln Navigator and Chrysler its Hemi-engine powered Ram Trucks.

Even today, you can look at a GM website and see how the company is
projecting to sell the 2010 Camaro:

"Projected 400 hp V8 engine with automatic transmission and Active Fuel
Management for added fuel savings and Projected 422 hp V8 engine with
manual transmission."

You would need a wheelbarrow full of gas money or the promised "added
fuel savings" to drive a sporty dinosaur like that around.

And now the Big Three are seeking hundreds of millions, if not billions, of
dollars from Canadian taxpayers.

Many communities in Southern Ontario are nervous about the collapse of
the North American auto industry. However, they needn't be.

Some Japanese firms have set up shop in that province. Toyota, for
example, has a factory in Cambridge.

Toyota may soon become the No. 1 automobile manufacturer in the
world. The reasons: Innovation, more fuel-efficient vehicles, competitive
pricing and giving customers what they want.

While Honda, Toyota and Nissan were funnelling profits into innovations
for their vehicles, the Big Three were giving huge bonuses to executives.
And now those same executives have come cap in hand to governments
seeking financial help.

It's laughable.

As proof, let me offer the spectacle of the Big Three's top brass, arriving
in Washington last Wednesday, each in his own special private jet.

"They got off those private executive jets with tin cups in hand" wanting
a $25-billion bailout said one U.S. senator. And can you believe GM's CEO
Richard Wagoner standing up in the U.S. Congress and blaming the
entire auto fiasco on "the global credit crisis?"

So if people could get easy credit, according to Wagoner, they'd forget
about those pesky Japanese vehicles and buy more "American"
gas-guzzling SUVs. Would someone tell this guy to wake up and witness
the greening of our economy. For being so brilliant, Wagoner was
awarded a $9-million boneheaded bonus in 2007.

The difference between the difficulties facing North American automakers
and B.C.'s troubled forestry sector -- and one that cannot be discounted
-- is that it was the automakers who brought their troubles on themselves.

Walter Cordery's column runs regularly in this space. If you would like to
comment on his opinion, send your letter to:
letters@ nanaimodailynews.com.

http://www.canada.com/nanaimodailynews/story.html?id=8e14e8de-427e-4eb2-8206-088190d55860

[Guest]

汽車業的失業情況會加劇

著名智囊機構加拿大咨議局（Conference Board of Canada）出台告表示，隨着國
際經濟大環境和北美本土的市場形勢惡化，加國汽車業將繼續受到嚴重影響。到2009
年底，該行業中僅裝配部門（vehicle assembly sector）就有可能損失15,000個工
作崗位。

咨議局預測，今年新車産量將大幅下滑15.3%，而這將直接導緻17億元的經濟損失。
2009年，加國的汽車産量將創下8年來的新低，在去年的基礎上再損失10億元。受經
濟影響，加國民衆的消費信心也將出現連續5個季度的下滑，而這將使汽車銷量跌破
1992年的水平。

據悉，加國汽車業面臨困難主要歸因於美國經濟出現蕭條，並導致市場的需求量急劇
減少。而報告的作者表示，目前本國的汽車業已經陷入“循環和改制的漩渦"
（maelstrom of cyclical and structural industry changes），到2010年可能都
不會有好轉跡象。

因整個行業出現不景氣，加國汽車工人也將面臨巨大的失業壓力。截至2009年，僅汽
車裝配行業便可能損失15,000份工作。

[Guest]

曾經全球霸主 美國汽車業竟落寞成泡沫
鉅亨網編譯郭照青．綜合紐約外電
2008 / 12 / 02 星期二 00:05

汽車業冀望2010年需求能見反彈。然而，這份期待只恐不切實際，因為過去幾年，美
國三大車廠創造出的，只是「汽車泡沫」。

融資利率偏低，貸款條件寬鬆，以及過剩產能造成汽車價格誘人，使得本世紀的前幾
年，汽車銷售創新了記錄高點。

但是專家同意，未來幾年，這三項條件都將不復存在，至少到2011或2012年，銷售
將持續較正常水準疲弱。

這項黯淡的展望，使得通用，福特與克萊斯勒的主管們於本周稍後再度要求華盛頓提
供250億美元過渡性貸款時，將更難提出一項具體可行的扭轉乾坤計劃。三大車廠將
於周二提交營業計劃予國會，周三於參院委員會進行聽證會，周五再於眾院進行聽證
會。

自1999至2006年，美國汽車銷售平均一年為1690萬輛。而在這段時間之前，僅有
一年銷售達到了1600萬輛。

在這段汽車銷售強勁的幾年裡，有駕照的駕駛人每年僅溫和增加1.1%，顯示銷售的
增加超過了基本面。亦即，民眾購買新車，是因為有能力，而非有必要。

分析師說，有幾年時間的汽車銷售都超過了趨勢水準，部份原因在於家庭財富出現了
難以置信的成長，然而隨後卻又發覺這些財富一切只是虛幻。

還有幾年，是因為促銷越來越誘人，人為拉高了銷售量。現在回顧以往，才恍然見到
了泡沫。

由於長期強勁的銷售，使得汽車廠錯誤地擴大了產能，現在因而嚐到了苦果。

偏高的銷售量，為通用，福特與克萊斯勒公司帶來了豐厚的獲利，也導致他們與汽車
工會簽下了今日所承擔不起的勞工福利合約。

隨著進口車開始蠶食美國汽車市場，美國三大車廠獲利變得困難許多。到了2005年，
通用與福特公司的北美業務已出現虧損。一年後，克萊斯勒也落入了賠錢的行列。

為了力挽狂瀾，他們關閉了工廠，進行了裁員，讓產能降至需求水準。但是做得卻有
所不足。

這三大車廠目前都進一步降低產能，尤其是休旅車與其他輕型卡車。這顯示，這些公
司均未曾預料，一旦汽車泡沫破滅，需求的降幅會有多麼慘烈。

不只底特律的車廠誤判了情勢，豐田與其他亞洲與歐洲車廠也於本世紀初期，增加了
美國車廠的產能。

由於美國經濟疲弱，豐田已調降了銷售與獲利展望。該廠與其他亞洲車廠也被迫依賴
較大的現金折價與其他促銷措施，以提升銷售。

分析師預期，至少在2012年之前，美國年度汽車銷售難再攀上1600萬輛水準。而在
近來銷售量崩跌之前，許多汽車業人士還認為，年度銷售1600萬輛是相當低的水平。

即使通用公司執行長Wagoner近來在國會的聽證會中也承認，在榮景幾年所達到的汽
車銷售水準，在可見的未來，可能再也無法見到。

Wagoner說：「回顧以往，我們認為當時的銷售量高出了正常的趨勢，因為當時的能
源成本價格低廉，貸款利率也偏低。」

[Guest]

美3大車廠向國會要錢 執行長畏譏自己開車去
(法新社)12月3日 星期三

（法新社芝加哥2日電） 掙扎圖存的福特汽車 公司準備向國會提出大規模重整計畫
以爭取金援之際，11月銷售量減少31%，執行長穆拉利（AlanMulally）表示，如果
取得任何政府貸款，他願意只拿一美元 年薪。

福特表示，如果國會通過90億美元緊急紓困貸款，福特就能在2011年達到損益兩平或
恢復帳面盈餘。

福特表示，2009年不會發給管理階層紅利且2008年不會支付北美受薪雇員考績獎
金。福特也將出售旗下五架公司用客機及富豪（Volvo）汽車。

福特也表示將加速電動車與混合動力車計畫。福特重申，如果國會批准貸款，他們希
望不必動用就能完成企業轉型。該公司也表示，福特預期明年不會發生現金用盡的情
況。

克萊斯勒總裁浦瑞斯（Jim Press）表示，該公司需要政府緊急貸款以渡過未來18個
月，但是他沒有表示希望取得多少貸款。克萊斯勒執行長納德利（Bob Nardelli）上
個月表示希望金額是70億美元。

浦瑞斯也沒有透露提交國會的重整計畫細節，但是他表示，計畫內容包括降低成本、
供應商及勞工反贈談判利益以幫助公司保住競爭力。

浦瑞斯表示，11月銷售量減少30%的克萊斯勒甚至不考慮倒閉。三大車廠及其在國會
盟友表示，因為產業數據顯示，10%的美國 就業機會在某種程度上都與三大車廠有
關，如果一家甚至一家以上倒閉將造成大範圍經濟衝擊。

克萊斯勒也表示，將尋求與其他汽車業者結盟，共渡難關。通用汽車表示，為了降低
成本，已經結束底特律的公司專機業務。通用上周表示，租用的五架飛機已經歸還兩
架，不過今天的聲明又說準備賣掉四架飛機，或者把飛機轉讓給其他公司，通用到底
剩下多少飛機，仍不清楚。

美國會預定4及5日舉行聽證會，討論通用、克萊斯勒及福特三大汽車廠紓困案。有鑒
於上一次，三車廠高層搭乘私人飛機出席聽證會挨罵，這次通用及福特執行長都將開
車從底特律前往華府，交通工具都是自家生產的混合動力車，在八百三十五公里的旅
程，兩人都將與各自的同事輪流開一段路。

克萊斯勒則表示為了安全，不公開執行長納德利的交通工具，但絕對不是搭公司飛機。

[Guest]

Detroit 3 seeking $6-billion from Canada

KAREN HOWLETT and GREG KEENAN AND SHAWN MCCARTHY

December 6, 2008

Canadian taxpayers are being asked to provide at least $6-billion to the
Detroit Three auto makers - and the two most troubled companies say
they need a big chunk of the money immediately.

The total bill could soar to $7.2-billion if conditions worsen, the three
auto giants told Ontario and Ottawa as they submitted requests for
money to help them restructure amid the most serious crisis the auto
industry has faced in generations.

General Motors of Canada Ltd. has asked for $2.4-billion in loans, with
$800-million of that necessary before the end of the year. Chrysler
Canada Inc. needs even more than that in the next three weeks, seeking
$1.6-billion by Jan. 1, sources knowledgeable about the company's plans
said.

Ford Motor Co. of Canada Ltd. asked for $2-billion but said it would only
use the line of credit if conditions worsen.

The requests for assistance arrived in Ottawa one day after the political
crisis was settled - at least temporarily - by the suspension of Parliament
until late January.

"Cabinet still functions while the House is not sitting," said a spokesman
for Industry Minister Tony Clement, when asked whether Ottawa could
provide financing while the House of Commons is not sitting. In fact, the
government has provided more than $25-billion in liquidity for Canada's
banks without seeking approval of Parliament.

The Commons will eventually have to approve such spending.

Mr. Clement said no decision on aid has been made.

A federal source suggested the companies still need to line up support
from dealers, unions and suppliers.

"Before committing taxpayer dollars, we need to review the plans to
ensure that they have met our requirements and contain a long-term
solution that sustains the industry in Canada," Mr. Clement said in a
statement last night.

The Conservatives are unlikely to face opposition to an auto bailout from
the three parties that sought to unseat Prime Minister Stephen Harper
this week. The Liberals and New Democrats - supported by the Bloc
Quebecois - had pledged to provide assistance to the manufacturing
sector, including the auto industry, if their coalition had succeeded.

"The numbers are going to seem big to taxpayers because they are big,"
Ontario Economic Development Minister Michael Bryant said yesterday.

The auto sector is vital to Ontario's economic prosperity, Mr. Bryant said,
but noted, "I'm as skeptical as anybody would be and should be when it
comes to governments using taxpayer dollars to loan money to any
industry."

News releases from Chrysler and Ford offered few details of what the
companies would actually do with the money.

"We're asking for the money to sustain our business," said David
Paterson, GM's vice-president of corporate affairs. The $2.4-billion figure
is based on vehicle markets in Canada and the United States improving
slightly next year.

An additional $1.2-billion from governments will be needed if markets
deteriorate further, Mr. Paterson said.

GM requires "liquidity support to stabilize its operations, proceed with
new product mandates in Oshawa, St. Catharines and Ingersoll [to]
complete the restructuring initiated in November, 2005," the company
said in a statement. GM has a car assembly plant in Oshawa, Ont. - a
truck plant there is scheduled to close next year - a crossover utility
vehicle factory in Ingersoll, Ont., and an engine plant in St. Catharines,
Ont.

Ford Canada president David Mondragon said in a statement: "The
company believes it has the liquidity to weather the current economic
crisis, however, it is asking for access to government-backed loans in
case the economy significantly worsens, or in the event that a major
competitor is forced into bankruptcy."

Chrysler president Reid Bigland said his company is requesting a
temporary, repayable loan from the two governments with two aims.

"First, to ensure Chrysler has sufficient funds to complete our
restructuring activities during what is an unprecedented downturn in
vehicle sales caused by the global financial crisis and second, to ensure
Chrysler Canada's substantial Canadian manufacturing and operational
footprint is protected," Mr. Bigland said.

[Guest]

美三大汽車告急 中國想蛇吞象
中時電子報
更新日期:2008/12/10

目前美國三大汽車製造業正處在風雨飄搖的困境中，在中國大陸內部，呼籲中國汽車
業趁機前往「抄底」的聲音不斷，並傳出多項收購及合作的消息。

據《每日經濟新聞》報導，目前大陸長安集團、福特、富豪（大陸譯「沃爾沃」）三
方高層，正在商談長安集團收購富豪的事宜。長安集團董事長徐留平在上月廣州車展
期間，即與相關各方有過長時間的秘密會談。

福特早前以五百億瑞典克朗（約等於五百億元人民幣）買下富豪，業界估計，如果福
特此時有意出售，不可能依原價出售，但報價仍將不會低於三百億元人民幣。

長安集團是中國國家兵工集團的下屬企業，財力雄厚，他看中的是富豪在技術方面的
領先優勢。長安集團與福特在中國大陸已有「長安福特馬自達」的合資關係，知情人
士指出，當福特有意出售富豪時，自然首先會想到長安集團。

事實上，福特公司在本月一日即公開宣布說，為籌措現金，該公司正準備出售旗下的
富豪汽車公司。

另據《證券日報》報導，大陸奇瑞汽車獲得中國進出口銀行一百億元人民幣的貸款，
支持奇瑞收購持續虧損的美國三大汽車巨頭。分析師指出，奇瑞如果進行收購，其對
象很可能是克萊斯勒的部分車型或生產線。

對於收購美國汽車業，大陸業界持正面看法者認為，這是大陸汽車業提升自身技術的
一大良機。據指出，中國發展汽車業至今，仍缺乏關鍵技術，尤其是發動機的製造技
術，透過這一時機出手，中國汽車可以在短短幾年消化買回的技術，並由此建立完善
的發動機生產和研發體系。

反對者認為，如果美國三大汽車製造業是大象，則大陸汽車業的規模像是小蛇，以中
國汽車業長子「一汽」為例，加上合資廠的產量，一年的產銷量為一四三．六萬輛，
而美國通用汽車二○○七年的業績是九二六萬輛。反對者認為，蛇吞象不如想像中容
易，因此雖然目前是一個收購的良機，但大陸車汽還不具備必須的能力。

[Guest]

WASHINGTON - If the House and Senate end up voting this week on a
financial rescue plan for the car companies, there’ll be several vote
switchers: those who voted one way on the $700 billion financial sector
rescue plan, but will vote the opposite way on the auto industry loan.

What has changed — the principles or the circumstances?

With the House apparently set to vote on the auto industry rescue plan
Wednesday night, here’s how Rep. Brad Sherman, D-Calif., a vehement
critic who voted against the $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program
(TARP), but a supporter of the car industry loan, explained his switch:
“This is a better bill with a better purpose with better controls. This is a
chance to preserve the automobile industry until we get a better
administration and a better Congress.”

Sherman also notes the relatively small size of the auto package:
“Compare the $15 billion cost of this bill to the well over $7 trillion that
has been risked or invested or loaned or guaranteed by the Fed and the
Treasury, and it is a reasonable investment, even without many of the
provisions that I think should be in the bill.”

Among the changes Sherman would like to see in the auto industry loan:
“It’s not just investments; it’s disinvestments.” He wants the bill — or a
future version to be voted on next year by the new Congress — to require
that disinvestment by one of the Detroit Three get approval of the
so-called “car czar,” a presidential appointee who’d be authorized to
monitor the Detroit firms.

More disinvesting than investing
“These companies are going to be doing more disinvesting that
investing,” Sherman said. “They are going to close more plants than they
are going to build. I was chagrined to see Chrysler close down a plant in
Missouri when they could have instead closed down a plant in Mexico and
a plant in Canada.”

Sherman would also like to see auto executives limited to $1 million total
compensation, including stock options.

Why stock options? “General Motors isn’t going to sell for $3 a share five
years from now; it’s either going to be $30 and up or its going to be
zero. So these stock options could be very valuable.”

In contrast to Sherman, there will likely be several Republicans who
voted the opposite — for the $700 billion package last October but will
vote to kill the much smaller car industry loan this week.

“The $700 billion was to unfreeze credit, to allow the whole economy to
work,” Coburn said. “I’m not necessarily pleased with how they used the
first $335 billion of that. They didn’t do it to buy mortgages, which I
think would have made a big difference.”

Help the bankers, but not the auto workers?
But how, a reporter asked, could Coburn assist bankers but spurn factory
workers? The TARP “wasn’t for bankers,” he insisted. “It was for anybody
in this country who does commerce. If you didn’t put that money in
there, we would have a credit freeze today. Instead of having 533,000
jobs gone last month we would have had 1.5 million gone.” The TARP
“averted that. How do you measure something that doesn’t happen?”

As other Senate Republicans are, Coburn is alarmed by the precedent he
thinks would be set by assisting Detroit car makers. “You’ve got the auto
companies. Who else should be going through bankruptcy that we’re
going to keep from going through bankruptcy by giving the next $350
billion of the TARP money?”

“I guarantee you this will never work,” he said. “In this bill, it says in
three months if you haven’t got the (re-organization) plan complete, you
have to pay back the (loan) money. Where do they get the money? Since
nobody is going to loan it to them, they can’t pay it back.”

Details:
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/28162008#storyContinued

[Guest]

汽車業嚴冬來臨 Toyota將暫停海內外大型擴產計畫
鉅亨網編譯吳國仲‧綜合外電
2008 / 12 / 15 星期一 10:20

根據《日經新聞》報導，日本最大車廠Toyota Motor Corp.( 7203-JP)考量全球經
濟疲弱對於車市銷售所造成之衝擊，計畫放棄海內外的大型投資計畫。

Toyota原本有意於2009年底以前，將中國一廠區的年度產量水準提升50%至 15萬
輛，但現在卻決定予以擱置，等待銷售恢復為止。

此外，該日本車廠亦計畫最快在2010年設法提高巴西與印度的產能，現在同樣將束之
高閣，兩國目前生產的車款已Corolla為主，產量分別為1年6萬、5萬輛。

與此同時，正於美國密西西比州興建的Toyota工廠，本預定於2010年投產，現在則延
後至2011年甚至更晚。

日本國內部份，Toyota將暫停翻修位於愛知縣高岡的生產線，目前已完成其一，但另
外兩條則尚在進行。該計畫預計斥資200-300億日元，估將從明年擱置到2010年。

過去7年來，Toyota每年平均的資本支出約為1.5兆日元。而上述投資計畫予以擱置，
恐對周遭的零件供應商、原料製造及設備業者構成衝擊。

更甚者，以產業龍頭自居的Toyota刪減資本投資，可能引發同業仿效。

另根據日本《共同社》引述內情人士說法指出，Toyota Motor將調降下半年度的集團
獲利預估，10月至明年3月底的本業虧損恐高達1000億日元(約合 11億美元)。

[Guest]

車廠紓困案破局　通用關北美20間廠房自救
NOWnews
更新日期:2008/12/16 01:47


在拯救汽車方案再度陷入僵局後，通用汽車積極自救，為削減開支宣布明年首季將要
關閉北美20間約3成的廠房，以及減產25萬輛汽車，包括上周已公布的6萬輛佔北美
產量30%，受影響的廠房在美國有14間、加拿大和墨西哥各3間。

通用汽車表示，廠房關閉期間將暫時裁減受影響廠房的員工。美國140億美元拯救汽車
業方案被參議院否決後，目前忙著在中東出訪的布希為了安撫市場恐慌情緒，也一改
過往的堅持，指可能動用主要為金融業而設的7000億美元救市基金來救岌岌可危的
3大車廠。

不過，由於目前布希在伊拉克進行訪問，白宮方面表示要等到布希回國才會有進一步
的回應。紐約金融家富豪投資人羅斯(WilburRoss)表示，自己擁有國際汽車配件集
團，若放任美國車廠倒閉失業率將攀高，骨牌效應將使週邊產業包括汽車配件業都接
連倒閉，這絕非美國目前脆弱的經濟所能承受。

羅斯也表示不相信布希政府會眼睜睜看著車廠倒閉，讓美國陷入經濟蕭條，同時羅斯
同時呼籲車廠方面需要做出更多讓步好讓產業能生存下來，從這位美國破產重組之王
的建言可以了解，車廠又是另一個「太大，不能倒下」的案例。
(新聞來源：東森新聞記者梁立)

[Guest]

美三大車廠若關門 加國將流失60萬份工作

* 2008-12-17
* 【中央社】

　加拿大安大略省製造業理事會今天公布的一項研究報告指出，如美國三大車廠關
門，加拿大5年內將流失60萬份工作。

　安大略製造業理事會（Ontario ManufacturingCouncil）是省政府的經濟顧問
團體。其研究報告指出，美國三大車廠關門將產生連鎖效應，波及債權人，供應商，
汽車零件製造商及汽車經銷商等。其他行業也會間接受害。

　安大略製造業理事會研究報告預估，如果美國三大車廠關門，32萬3000加拿大
人將立刻失去工作。其中，28萬1800人在安大略省。報告更預測，由於三大車廠關
門，至2014年時，加拿大將流失58萬2000份工作。其中，51萬7000份在安大略
省。

　理事會研究報告表示，如果美國三大車廠產量減半，加拿大也會立刻流失15萬
7000份工作。其中，14萬1000份在安大略省。至2014年，全國流失工作數量將達
29萬6000 份，26萬9000份在安大略省。

　安大略省經濟發展廳長布萊恩特（Michael Bryant）表示，美國三大車廠關門的
經濟效應，對加拿大而言，猶如投下一顆「經濟凍結核子彈」（nuclear freeze），
並使加拿大經濟陷入蕭條。

　布萊恩特因此認為，救三大車廠比不救要好。他並表示，安大略省政府一定會盡
一切力量挽救三大車廠。

　安大略省政府與聯邦政府上周五已同意斥資35億加元，對三大車廠加拿大分廠進
行紓困。加拿大對三大車廠的紓困方案，仍有待美國方面的紓困方案通過才能落實。

[Guest]

紓困銀彈未至 克萊斯勒停工
華視新聞
更新日期:2008/12/20 00:14

大家真的要看緊荷包過生活，美國三大汽車業之一的克萊斯勒宣布北美區廠關廠停工
至少一個月，五萬員工受到波及。歐洲日本車市也很慘，沒人買車銷售量大跌，業績
負成長。

　　垂頭喪氣走出工廠，克萊斯勒在密西根華倫廠的員工被迫提前休長達一個月的耶
誕新年假期。雖然休假期間還有津貼福利將近全薪，不過公司前途未卜，大家都高興
不起來。

　　美國三大汽車廠因為信貸緊縮面臨財務危機，通用之前已經關閉部分工廠，情況
好一點的福特，同樣關了十間裝配廠。克萊斯勒現金只夠燒幾個星期，最悽慘，因此
宣佈美國本土、加拿大和墨西哥所有北美地區工廠停工至少一個月。
　
　　美國三大車廠大減產，歐洲汽車銷售量更大跌將近２６％，也紛紛關廠減產並向
政府求援。英法德政府還在考慮要不要送出耶誕大禮。

　　美歐車市悽慘，互相依存的日本車市也好不到哪裡去。代表日本景氣指標之一的
國內新車銷售量，預估今年只有４８６萬輛，３１年來首度跌破５００萬輛，也是連
續第５年負成長。
　
　　受到金融危機影響，全球景氣持續惡化，全球汽車不僅耶誕難過，明年恐怕還盼
不到回春的好消息。（記者林佳蓉編譯）

[Guest]

布希宣佈提供通用及克萊斯勒134億美元貸款
2008-12-20 01:29
（中央社記者劉坤原華盛頓19日專電）

美國總統布希今天上午宣佈，將提供134億美元低利貸款給通用汽車（General
Motors）及克萊斯勒（Chrysler）二車廠，協助它們維持營運。

白宮官員說，這筆低利貸款將在本月及下月撥出，其中94億美元是給通用汽車，40億
美元給克萊斯勒。另外，明年2月將再提供40億美元給這兩家車廠，讓它們維持營運到
3月。

官員說，這只是短期協助車廠繼續營運的紓困措施，至於長程的問題將由新政府解
決。

白宮未提供福特（Ford）貸款，因為福特曾表示暫時尚不需要紓困。

官員說，這筆錢將從國會先前通過的7000億美元汽車紓困計畫支應。不過財政部長鮑
爾森（Harry Paulson）昨天表示，國會必須同意政府動支第二部份3500億紓困款，
因為第一部份3500億紓困款已有指定用途。

但布希說，如果明年3月31日之前，兩家車廠無法繼續營運，必須退還這些貸款。

布希昨天曾表示，他對他的繼任人有責任，讓繼任者上任第一天就面對大災難並非好
政策。

布希今天在宣佈貸款計畫時，呼籲廠商和工會必須作出必要的決定，進行改革。

[Guest]

美車業雖獲貸款 前景仍黯淡 專家：勞資問題、車市衰退續夾擊
鉅亨網陳律安，外電報導
2008 / 12 / 20 星期六 14:20

美車業在星期五(19日)時得到布希政權拋出的生命線，即 174億美元貸款，但美國車
業的挑戰，現在才正要開始。它們要想盡辦法取得工會讓步，並使本已搖搖欲墜的事
業扭轉乾坤。

貸款的條款清單上明確地寫著， GM及Chrysler的工會必須做出大幅度的讓步。而美
國政府將有權獲得上述二公司股票，讓公司部分國有化。而車業則有 3個月時間來交
出重組計畫，使企業再度恢復活力。但是，從車業與工會協商困難、汽車銷售量下滑
的情況來看，美車業前景依舊荊棘滿佈。

經濟學教授 Lester Lave表示：「我不認為幾十億美元足夠拯救車業。白宮的貸款大
概只夠車業苟延殘喘不破產。」

其中車業面臨的最大挑戰在於，美車業勞工薪資的縮減，以及其他 UAW(聯合汽車工
會)本就不願做出的讓步。根據貸款條款，美車業必須在2009年結束前，將勞工薪資
水準調整到能與日本同業競爭的水準。

但是 UAS主席Ron Gettelfinger認為，這樣的條款對美車業勞工來說是不公平的。
他表示：「等到歐巴馬政權上台後，再來協商如何把這些不公平的條款移除。」此
外，政府還要求美國勞工的作業規範能夠與日本同業相同，但這有實質上的難度存
在。

車業分析師 Aaron Bragman表示：「美車業與日車業的作業方式大不相同，雖然GM
執行長 Wagoner說辦得到對工作規範作出調整，但實際作業起來可能沒那麼容易。」

在布希的計畫下，希望車廠在明年 3月31日前能夠露出轉虧為盈的跡象，但經濟衰退
橫亙在前，成了最大的阻力。據指出，明年美國車市銷量大概只剩1000-1300萬輛之
譜，與幾年前的 1400-1500萬輛相比大相逕庭。

資深車業分析師Jesse Toprak表示表示：「若美車市萎縮到只剩1100萬輛不到，那
麼幾乎沒有車業可以存活下去了。」

Lave表示：「衰退中的經濟將不會拉美國車業一把，經濟反彈可能要 1年以後才會到
來。GM現在每個月至少燒掉40億美元，貸款將只夠GM苟延殘喘，根本不夠它作企業
重整。」