Intel 80386 - 1985         Intel 80386 (also known as 386 or i386) is the first ever 32-bit microprocessor (CPU) for personal computers. The DX version has 32-bit data bandwidth and supports up to whopping 4GB memory(!!), while the SX is the simplified (and low-cost) version of 80386 which only has 16-bit external data bandwidth and supports up to 16MB of RAM. However, a bug that causes 386 systems to halt when executing 32 bit programs were discovered soon after the release of Intel 80386; Intel had no choice but performed an extra test to determine whether those already produced 386 DX chips in the inventory contains the bug or not. The chips that did not pass the test were stamped with "16 BITS S/W ONLY", which means the chips can only execute 16 bit software. On the other hand, chips that passed the test would be marked with double sigma signs (ΣΣ). Of course, no one would want to get a buggy chip for the same price. Therefore, 80386 chips with "16 BIT S/W ONLY" marking are extremely rare (second one on the right). Intel 386 SL was the low power consumption version designed for mobile computers. Intel 80386 still does not have built-in co-processors, so users who do lots arithmetic calculation still need to get a Intel i387 math co-processor. Intel 80386 can switch between real and safe mode in a snatch; it can also execute 8086 programs in virtual 8086 mode. The first chip at right is Intel 80386 mechanical sample for military devices (M indicates its military temperature range, G indicates it's PGA packaging); the standard operation temperature requirement for military devices is -55 to 125 degree Celsius. Although 386 sounds old, in fact, the higher stand of US aerospace industry (like NASA) requires chips to have certain usage history (I heard it can be as long as 10 years) before they can be used; they do this to ensure the stability and error predictability of a chip. Also because of the demanding operation temperature requirement, newest chips usually do not appear on strategic devices. The US Tomahawk Cruise Missile actually uses 80386 as its processor. I got my KU80386SLB1A-25 CPU by buying an old laptop computer. I also included Intel 80387 math co-processor chip in the display. Process: 1 micron, High Speed CHMOS IV Technology 275,000 transistors Package: 132-pin ceramic PGA Data Bandwidth: 32 bit Working Voltage: 5V Released Clock Speed(s) 16MHz - 40MHz Intel 80386 Military Mechanical Sample (MG80386) [F] [B] Intel 80386 16Mhz (A80386-16) SX025 W/ BUG [F] Intel 80386 16Mhz (A80386-16) [F] [B] Intel 80386 20Mhz (A80386-20) [F] [B] Intel 80386 SX 16Mhz (NG 80386SX-16) [F] Intel 80386 SX 20Mhz (NG 80386SX-20) [F] Intel 80386 DX 16Mhz (A80386DX-16) [F] [B] Intel 80386 DX 20Mhz (A80386DX-20) [F] [B] Intel 80386 DX 25Mhz No Logo (A80386DX-25) [F] [B] Intel 80386 DX 25Mhz (A80386DX-25) [F] [B] Intel 80386 DX 33Mhz (A80386DX-33) [F] [B] Intel 80386 DX 33Mhz White Print (A80386DX33) [F] Intel 80386 SL 20Mhz (KU80386SLB1A-20) [F] Intel 80386 SL 25Mhz (KU80386SLB1A-25) [F] [F] [B] Intel 80386 EX 25Mhz (KU80386EX25) [F] Intel 80387 20Mhz (A80387-20) [F] [B] Intel 80387 DX 16Mhz (A80387DX-16) [F] [B] Intel 80387 DX (A80387DX 16-33) [F] [B] Intel 80387 SX (N80387SX-20) [F] Intel 80386（簡稱386或是i386）是第一款用於個人電腦的32位元中央處理器晶片（CPU），並增加記憶體定位能力到4GB！！不過386有兩種版本，其中SX版的外部資料頻寬只有16位元而且只支援16MB記憶體，DX才是32位元。Intel 80386推出沒多久居然發現其中有些晶片在執行32位元程式的時候會產生當機的情形，所以英特爾只好把那些庫存裡已經封裝好的晶片再進行多一項測試，並在有問題的386封裝上面打上『16 BITS S/W ONLY』，表示此款386只可以用來執行16位元程式，而沒有問題的晶片則被打上『ΣΣ』的符號。當然，沒有人會願意花一樣的錢買一個有問題的晶片，所以數量上，擁有『16 BIT S/W ONLY』字樣的80386極為稀少（在右邊第二顆就是）。 SL是給筆記型電腦使用的低耗電版本，擁有16位元外部資料頻寬以及24位元外部定址能力。由於386並沒有內建浮點運算器，所以需要大量數學運算的使用者得添購Intel i387數學輔助運算晶片。80386還可以直接執行8086的程式喔！ 右邊第一款為英特爾軍用386的機械樣本（M代表軍用標準溫度、G代表PGA封裝），軍用微處理器的運作標準溫度為攝氏零下55度至125度。雖然386聽起來已經是非常老舊的產品，不過實際上，美國航太工業的最高標準（比如說美國太空總署，NASA）規定各種晶片需要有一定年數（我記得好像是十年）的使用記錄才可以使用，以確定其技術的穩定性以及可預期的錯誤有哪些。加上嚴苛的運作溫度要求，最新的微處理器通常不會出現在戰略系統上面。美國戰斧巡弋飛彈（Tomahawk Cruise Missile）就是使用80386來當作其中央處理器。 KU80386SLB1A-25則是我買了一台舊型筆記型電腦拆出來的喔！順便附上Intel 80387數學輔助運算晶片。 製程： 1 micron, High Speed CHMOS IV Technology 275,000 transistors 封裝： 132-pin ceramic PGA 資料頻寬： 32 bit 工作電壓： 5V 工作時脈： 16MHz - 40MHz Intel 80386 Military Mechanical Sample (MG80386) 正 反 Intel 80386 16Mhz (A80386-16) SX025 W/ BUG 正 Intel 80386 16Mhz (A80386-16) 正 反 Intel 80386 20Mhz (A80386-20) 正 反 Intel 80386 SX 16Mhz (NG 80386SX-16) 正 Intel 80386 SX 20Mhz (NG 80386SX-20) 正 Intel 80386 DX 16Mhz (A80386DX-16) 正 反 Intel 80386 DX 20Mhz (A80386DX-20) 正 反 Intel 80386 DX 25Mhz No Logo (A80386DX-25) 正 反 Intel 80386 DX 25Mhz (A80386DX-25) 正 反 Intel 80386 DX 33Mhz (A80386DX-33) 正 反 Intel 80386 DX 33Mhz White Print (A80386DX33) 正 Intel 80386 SL 20Mhz (KU80386SLB1A-20) 正 Intel 80386 SL 25Mhz (KU80386SLB1A-25) 正 正 反 Intel 80386 EX 25Mhz (KU80386EX25) 正 Intel 80387 20Mhz (A80387-20) 正 反 Intel 80387 DX 16Mhz (A80387DX-16) 正 反 Intel 80387 DX (A80387DX 16-33) 正 反 Intel 80387 SX (N80387SX-20) 正
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