Intel 4004 - 1971         Intel 4004 is the world's first commercial central unit processor (CPU) and also the first 4-bit microprocessor for calculators. It was produced using 10 micron process and has 2,300 transistors. Due to the poor performance, Intel 4004 did not have much impact on the market. 4004 runs at 740Khz, can perform 4-bit operations, supports 8-bit instruction sets and has 12-bit addresses. Originally, Intel produced this chip for Busicom, a Japanese calculator company, to be used in their 141-PF calculators. The Intel C4004 on the right is known to be the world's first microprocessor, and it is also the rarest version: white ceramic with grey traces (also known as gray traced or C4004 grey). Very few of this version exists in the world; this type of package was only produced between 1971 and early 1976. This should also be the most expensive microprocessor in the world (also the slowest); the price of an Intel C4004 grey chip on eBay can be as high as US$1425.00, which is more expensive than Intel's latest CPUs. The Intel C4004 chip with pure white ceramic at right below is the normal C4004 (unless specified, usually people just call it C4004 because C4004 grey is not common anyway). The latest price of Intel C4004 on eBay is about US$452.00. The MSRP of C4004 by Intel in 1976 is only US$69.00 per chip. The Intel C4004 in the right photo has no date code at the bottom; that means this chip was produced in the early years of Intel. Intel D4004 has the same internal structure as C4004; it is just the massively produced version with cheaper package. There is also another type of plastic DIP packaged 4004 called P4004, which is even cheaper. The P4004 shown on the lower right side is still in its original manufacturer pink packaging. In fact, F14 CADC (Central Air Data Computer for F14A "TomCat" fighter jet) is the world first microprocessor "set". I call it a set because it consists of six chips, unlike the Intel C4004, which was released a year later, has everything integrated into one chip. Because the existence of F14 CADC was not released by the US government until 1998 (it was classified), we consider Intel C4004 as the world's first microprocessor. F14 CADC, designed by Steve Geller and Ray Holt, consists of six gold plated 24-pin IC chips including PMU (Parallel Multiplier Unit) and PDU (Parallel Divider Unit). Its operation temperature ranges from -55 to 125 degree Celsius and can calculate 9370 times in a second (= 9.15Khz or 0.0089Mhz, about 1/1000 of Intel 4004's clock speed). F14 CADC's circuit design is a lot simpler than Intel 4004. Its instruction set is also very limited; it can only perform very basic operations (e.g. If A < B, then choose A. or some basic arithmetic calculations). In fact, F14 CADC needs separate chips for multiplication and division, even cache and instruction set were stored on different chips. F14 CADC is more like a ALU with fixed instruction set. It is quite amazing that a basic microcomputer like this can be the pilot computer of a fighter jet. Process: 10 micron P-channel silicon gate MOS technology 2,300 transistors Package: 16-pin Ceramic DIP Data Bandwidth: 4 bit Working Voltage: 15V Released Clock Speed(s) 0.74 Mhz Intel 4004 Grey Trace/Gold (C4004) [F] [B] Intel 4004 (C4004) [F] [B] Intel 4004 (D4004) [F] [B] Intel 4004 (P4004) [F] [B] 英特爾的4004為世界上第一顆商用中央處理器晶片（CPU），也是第一個用於計算機的四位元微處理器，採用10微米製程，它包含2300個電晶體，由於性能很差，其市場反應十分不理想。 4004的最高時脈有740kHz，能執行4位運算，支援8位指令集及12位位址集。該款處理器原先是英特爾為一家名為 Busicom 的日本公司而設計，用來生產計算機（141-PF）。 右邊這顆C4004就是世界上第一顆微處理器（Microprocessor），這也是目前已知最珍貴的版本：白色陶瓷帶有灰色花紋（Grey Traced or C4004 Grey）。這是目前存世量最少的版本，只有在1971至1976前半才有這種封裝。這應該也是目前全世界最貴的微處理器（也是最慢的），目前最後一次成交價為US$1425.00（合新台幣約五萬元），比最新的Pentium 4 EE還貴。右下邊純白色陶瓷的C4004則是一般的C4004（沒註明的話都是指純白色的，因為有灰色花紋的太少了），目前最後一次成交價為US$452.00（合新台幣約一萬六千元）。當年英特爾的單顆報價則是US$69（不過把通貨膨脹也算進去的話，其實也還好）。右下邊純白色的後面並沒有印上製造日期，這表示這顆白色C4004是英代爾最早期的產品（特徵就是沒有製造日期）。 D4004也是跟C4004為同一款，其實內部構造是一樣的，不過這是後來量產的版本，最稀少的當然為之前提到的白色陶瓷帶有灰色花紋版，次之為純白色陶瓷版，再來是就是灰色陶瓷無鍍金版（D4004），就後還有一種塑膠封裝版（P4004）。右下角所展示的P4004還保存在其剛出廠的粉紅色塑膠封裝裡面。 其實，F14 CADC（用在F14雄貓戰機上）才是全世界第一個微處理器晶片「組」，因為是六顆晶片組成的，不像晚一年（1970）推出的Intel 4004是全部放在一顆微處理器晶片上，不過因為它的存在一直到1998年才被美國軍方准許公佈（之前為軍事機密），所以大家就公認Intel 4004是世界上第一顆微處理器。F14 CADC，由Steve Geller與Ray Holt所設計，擁有 PMU (Parallel Multiplier Unit)、PDU (Parallel Divider Unit)等六顆24 Pin全鍍金IC，工作溫度為攝氏-55~125度，工作時脈為9.15Khz（0.0089Mhz，一秒鐘運算9370次，約Intel 4004速度的千分之一）。其電路設計比Intel 4004簡單許多，其指令集也非常簡單，只能算一些非常基本的邏輯計算（例如：A如果大於B則選B或是一些加減乘除）。F14 CADC實際上連乘與除都要分開兩顆晶片，暫存跟指令也都是在不同晶片。F14 CADC充其量不過是有固定指令的邏輯運算器（ALU）而已，而這種比現在熱水瓶微電腦還基本的晶片居然可以當一架F14戰鬥機的主控電腦，真是非常了不起。 製程： 10 micron P-channel silicon gate MOS technology 2,300 transistors 封裝： 16-pin Ceramic DIP 資料頻寬： 4 bit 工作電壓： 15V 工作時脈： 0.74 Mhz Intel 4004 Grey Trace/Gold (C4004) 正 反 Intel 4004 (C4004) 正 反 Intel 4004 (D4004) 正 反 Intel 4004 (P4004) 正 反
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